List of 10 infectious diseases in children required vaccination

Infectious diseases in children are increasingly complicated. Recently, the Ministry of Health issued the latest circular on the compulsory vaccination of children under 5 years old for the top 10 infectious diseases. 

According to Circular No. 38/2017 / TT-BYT of the Ministry of Health effective from 1–1-2018, infants and children aged 5 and under are required to be vaccinated against 10 infectious diseases including inflammation. Hepatitis B virus, tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, Haemophilus influenzae type b, measles, Japanese encephalitis and rubella. Capturing timely information will help you to fully vaccinate your baby.

1. Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B or hepatitis B is the number one disease that tops the list of childhood infectious diseases requiring vaccination. It is caused by the hepatitis B virus that attacks and impaired liver function.

Hepatitis B is known as the "silent killer" because it usually causes no symptoms until the patient's liver is severely damaged after years of illness. Hepatitis B comes in two forms, acute and chronic. Acute illness occurs only as short as 6 months after exposure to the virus. In contrast, chronic hepatitis B will stay with the patient for life.

Infection in babies like hepatitis B can be completely prevented with vaccination.

2. Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. The disease seriously affects the lungs as well as other respiratory organs. TB virus is easy to attack people with weak immune systems such as the elderly and especially children. Early TB vaccination for children is an important condition to prevent the child's disease.

If your child has symptoms such as a cough that lasts for at least 3 weeks, cough with sputum or blood, chest pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss, loss of appetite, fatigue, and weakness, you need to Take your child to see the doctor right away.

3. Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an infection caused by bacteria that damages the lining of the nose and throat. The disease usually breaks out in densely populated, cramped areas with poor sanitation. Unvaccinated children are vulnerable to bacterial attacks.

The typical signs of disease include sore throat, swollen glands in the neck, runny nose, difficulty breathing, difficulty swallowing, fever ...

4. Whooping cough

Pertussis is a disease spread by the respiratory tract through the nose and throat. The most recognizable symptom of the disease is a prolonged coughing spell accompanied by hissing sounds like a rooster. That's why it's called whooping cough.

In the early stages, the illness is usually mild and resembles the common cold with signs such as fever, runny nose, stuffy nose, cough, and red eyes. Later, the disease progressed heavily with symptoms of nausea, fatigue, prolonged cough with a hissing sound with each breath.

5. Tetanus

Tetanus (also known as leprosy) is an infectious disease in children caused by bacteria called Clostridium tetani often in the soil attack, causing nerve damage. The muscles controlled by these nerves gradually become paralyzed and numb.

Within 7 days of being exposed to this bacteria, the body shows signs of convulsions, muscle twitching, facial muscles distorted, body pain, jaw stiffness ... Timely vaccination is a leading factor in increasing the risk of childhood infectious diseases.

6. Polio

Polio is a contagious disease that spreads rapidly. The disease attacks the nervous system, causing permanent polio in children in severe cases. Children under 1 year of age need to be vaccinated against polio either by mouth or by injection.

7. Disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)

Hib bacteria are found in the upper respiratory tract such as the lungs and bronchi. Children under 2 years old are very susceptible to Hib infection and suffer from serious medical problems such as meningitis, pneumonia ...

Children 2 months to 5 years of age need the vaccine to prevent the disease as soon as possible.

8. Measles

Measles is a common infectious disease in children caused by a virus. The disease causes symptoms such as rash, fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, mouth, throat with gray-white spots ...

Babies and young children are very susceptible to other complications of the disease such as pneumonia, otitis media , platelet hemorrhage ...

The disease can be completely prevented by having a full periodic vaccination for the child.

9. Japanese encephalitis

Japanese encephalitis is a common infectious disease in Asia. The disease is spread through the bite of a mosquito that carries the virus. Children with Japanese encephalitis often have symptoms such as high fever, convulsions, neck curl, unable to speak ...

Japanese encephalitis vaccine can help prevent infection. You should note that the vaccine is only for adults and children 2 months of age and older. In addition, tourists traveling to epidemic zones or in rural or outdoor areas should also get vaccinated.

10. Rubella

Rubella is also known as German measles. Rubella is very dangerous for the first 3 months pregnant women because this is the stage when the fetus is developing its organs. The rubella virus has a high risk of birth defects . The Ministry of Health recommends compulsory measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccinations for children.

Timely vaccination of children is a prerequisite to help children strengthen their resistance and fight against the 10 most typical infectious diseases. You need to take your child to the nearest medical facility to be vaccinated early.