Rh blood type disagreement or Rh incompatibility is a condition that needs attention because it will adversely affect the health of both mother and child.
Rh blood group disagreement (Rh factor incompatibility) is usually asymptomatic in a pregnant woman, but it is a serious condition for the fetus if left untreated. By learning the essential information about Rh blood type disagreement, pregnant mothers will know what they should do to have a safe pregnancy.
Rh factor incompatibility is a condition in which a mother's body and fetus have different Rhesus (Rh) protein factors. This happens when the mother is Rh negative (Rh–) but the baby is Rh positive (Rh +). The Rh factor is a specific protein found on the surface of red blood cells.
Like blood type, you would inherit the Rh factor type from your parents. Most people are Rh positive (Rh factor +) but a small percentage are Rh negative (Rh factor -). This means they lack Rh protein.
A positive (+) or negative (-) symbol noted after your blood type indicates your Rh factor, such as AB + blood type, O– blood type.
Rh blood type (Rh factor) does not directly affect your health. However, the above problem will become important during pregnancy. If pregnant mother has Rh - and the baby has Rh +, it will lead to the condition that the pregnant woman's body will default to the fetus as foreign objects to be excluded.
This means that if blood cells from the fetus pass through the mother's bloodstream during pregnancy, labor and childbirth, the immune system from the fetus will produce antibodies against the cells. baby's red blood cells.
Antibodies are part of the body's immune system, responsible for destroying foreign bodies. If your blood type is Rh negative, you will be quite sensitive to the positive blood types when your body makes antibodies.
In addition, the mother's body can also send antibodies across the placenta to attack the fetal red blood cells. The placenta is the organ connecting the pregnant mother and the baby.
Symptoms of Rh incompatibility (Rh incompatibility) in the fetus can range from mild to life-threatening. When antibodies in the mother attack the baby's red blood cells, there is a high risk that the baby will develop hemolytic disease. This is a serious condition that requires special medical attention.
If healthy red blood cells are destroyed, bilirubin builds up in the blood. Bilirubin is a chemical created from the breakdown of red blood cells. Having too much bilirubin becomes a sign that the liver, the part responsible for handling old blood cells, is having problems.
The baby may exhibit one or more of the following symptoms if the bilirubin level in the body rises after birth:
Comatose
Reduced muscle tone
These symptoms will subside after the newborn completes treatment for Rh blood type disagreement (Rh factor incompatibility).
Any woman with Rh negative and pregnant with Rh positive or with an unspecified Rh status is at risk of Rh blood type disagreement (Rh factor incompatibility). . However, given today's low proportion of Rh negative people, this doesn't happen very often.
According to the Stanford Blood Center , the rate of broken blood types is as follows:
Blood type broken rate
O + 37.4%
O-6.6%
A + 35.7%
A-6.3%
B + 8.5%
B-1.5%
AB + 3.4%
AB-0.6%
It takes time to develop antibodies, so the fetus (first child) is usually not affected. However, a person with a Rh negative (-) may develop antibodies from a previous abortion or miscarriage, so the baby may later develop a blood type disagreement.
A mother may be exposed to Rh-positive blood type during prenatal diagnostic procedures, such as amniocentesis. In this test, the doctor uses a needle to draw amniotic fluid from the fetus to do a test for abnormalities.
Blood tests to determine your Rh status may be done at your first prenatal visit.
If the result is Rh negative (Rh-) then your husband may also be offered a test for this factor. When the readings show that your husband is Rh negative, there is nothing to worry about. In the opposite case, if the father is Rh positive and the mother is Rh negative, the doctor will look for the following signs of Rh blood type disagreement (Rh factor incompatibility):
The positive, indirect Coombs test is a sign of Rh factor incompatibility: This test uses a blood sample to look for the presence of cell-destroying antibodies in the blood plasma.
Newborn blood bilirubin: This reading above normal is a sign of Rh blood type disagreement. For a full term baby, the bilirubin concentration should be less than 6.0 milligrams per deciliter during the first 24 hours after birth.
Red blood cell destruction markers: This is also a marker of the risk of Rh factor disagreement. This can be determined by the shape and structure of red blood cells through a blood drawing and microscopic examination.
The course of treatment will focus on suppressing the effects of the incompatible factor. In mild cases, the baby can be treated after birth by:
Blood transfusion
Electrolyte infusion
Phototherapy.
Phototherapy is a form of fluorescent light shining on the baby's body to help lower the amount of bilirubin in the blood.
These medical procedures may need to be performed repeatedly until Rh antibodies are negative and excess bilirubin has been removed from the infant's blood, depending on the severity of the disease.
If you become pregnant and your doctor determines that you have developed antibodies against your baby, your pregnancy will be closely monitored. If the test shows that you have not made Rh antibodies, you will be given an immunoglobulin (RhIg) injection to prevent blood type differences. The injection schedule will take place near the end of pregnancy.
In some cases, if the effects of Rh factor disagreement are not prevented, serious complications that can occur include:
Convulsions
Heart failure
Anemia
Jaundice of the brain
Swollen body
Problems with mental function, movement, hearing and speech skills.
This situation is preventable. If you are pregnant and possess the Rh negative factor, notify your doctor for the best health care plan. In the event that the blood type of the father is Rh positive or unknown, the implementation of prophylactic treatment with immunoglobulins prevents serious effects.
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